A previous study showed that, in 23 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, increased BLA volume was associated with high reciprocal social interaction scores on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. The inconsistency between this previous study and our study might be explained by differences in the samples (nonclinical participants with a range of autistic-like traits versus clinically-diagnosed autistic individuals). Nevertheless, both studies have the limitation of small sample size, and thus, future studies with larger sample are warranted to verify the role of the BLA in social cognition. Another possible explanation is that the BLA is heterogeneous complex composed of four different subnuclei (i.e., basal nucleus, lateral nucleus, accessary basal nucleus and paralaminar nucleus), and that the basal nucleus and lateral nucleus might have closer involvement in social information processing. Therefore, there is also a need to further explore correlations of the two subnuclei structure and function with social deficits. [...] Specifically, it has been proposed that distortion is a characteristic of human memory and that some memory errors can be adaptive for flexible behaviors; conversely, overly rigid, robust, and undistorted memory may restrict the modification of thinking and result in low relational binding and behavioral inflexibility. There is evidence from human research that less flexible and less relational retrieval and learning may sometimes cause restricted and repetitive behavior, or, conversely, that inflexible behaviors in autistic individuals may result in rigid and less connected memories. Therefore, the present finding provides a clue that hippocampal CA1, CA3, CA4 and DG are implicated in rigid memory intertwining rigid behavior, suggesting a promising research direction for future studies to advance our understanding of their distinct roles. Finally, across the results, it was somewhat surprising that a single brain region exhibited associations with different subdomains of BAP depending on its structure and function. For example, CA1 volume, but not its functional connectivity, was associated with rigid personality, whereas CA1 functional connectivity, but not its volume, was associated with pragmatic language deficits.