At present, for HFD-induced obesity and metabolic diseases, there are strategies such as dietary regulation, supplementation of probiotics or prebiotics, FMT, MFH, etc., which effectively circumvent the pain points such as difficulty in adhering to traditional exercise and risks of drug treatment. Moreover, based on the research of high-altitude adaptive plants, combined with the dietary characteristics of high-altitude people, simulating the intestinal microbial ecosystem in a low-fat and high-fiber environment can further promote the synthesis of beneficial metabolites and repair the metabolic regulation association between organs. Future research needs to take the high-altitude animal intestinal adaptation model as an example, combined with multi-omics and germ-free animal models, systematically analyze the host signaling pathways triggered by the key functional strains and their characteristic metabolites of high-altitude animals, clarify the causal chain of their anti-obesity phenotype, and promote the obesity prevention and control toward a precise era. Edited by: Huan Li, Lanzhou University, China Reviewed by: Deli Xu, Qufu Normal University, China Xingen Yang, Shanxi Agricultural University, China