The dominance of large-scale phase dynamics in human cortex, from delta to gamma
Gap Declaration
This effect was shown for both macroscopic MEG and ECoG (~8 cm range) measurements ( Alexander et al., 2019 ). The ability of TWs to predict future local activity shows that the long-range spatio-temporal correlations inherent in the structure of low SF activity are functionally significant. Future research could extend this approach using high temporal resolution sEEG to detect individual spikes and to characterize large-scale phase dynamics and to predict the former from the latter. More generally, most functionally related results concerning large-scale TWs have been obtained using extracranial methods ( Ito et al., 2005 ; Klimesch et al., 2007 ; Massimini et al., 2004 ; Sauseng et al., 2002 ; King and Wyart, 2021 ). The reported linkage between late event-related potentials and TWs ( Alexander et al., 2006 ; Alexander et al., 2013 ; Alexander et al., 2008 ; Alexander et al., 2009 ) means the body of research into late event-related potentials can guide experimental verification of the functional significance of macroscopic TWs at the single trial level.
Abstract
The organization of the phase of electrical activity in the cortex is critical to inter-site communication, but the balance of this communication across large-scale (>8 cm), macroscopic (>1 cm), and mesoscopic (1 cm to 1 mm) ranges is an open question. The spatial frequencies (i.e. the spatial scales) of cortical waves have been characterized in the gray matter for micro- and mesoscopic scales of cortex and show decreasing spatial power with increasing spatial frequency. This research, however, has been limited by the size of the measurement array, thus excluding large-scale traveling waves. Obversely, poor spatial resolution of extracranial measurements prevents incontrovertible large-scale estimates of spatial power. We estimate the spatial frequency spectrum of phase dynamics in order t…
Conclusions / Discussion
Discussion In this research, we aimed to quantify the low SF part of cortical phase dynamics spectrum, up to the range of large-scale TWs (wavelength >8 cm), using cortical depth electrodes. We developed a novel method to fill this important gap in our understanding of macroscopic phase dynamics, addressing a current limitation in the literature. Previous estimates have either relied on extracranial measurements ( Alamia et al., 2023 ; Alexander et al., 2006 ; Alexander et al., 2016 ; Ito et al., 2005 ; Klimesch et al., 2007 ; Massimini et al., 2004 ) or used smaller measurement arrays (≤8 cm; Zhang et al., 2018 ; Barrie et al., 1996 ; Woolnough et al., 2022 ; Eckhorn et al., 2004 ). This means either the results were biased by a low pass filter (due to volume conduction in EEG or distance to measurement array in MEG), or had a maximum measurable SF below the large-scale range, respectively. We show that the spectral power increases with wavelength, up to the limit imposed by the maximum distances in the recording array. The present results are therefore consistent with the existence of large-scale TWs in the cortex ( Figure 1D ) and are inconsistent with the alternative h…
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