A rising tide: intrinsic alignments since the turn of the millennium
PMC12532772
· 10.1007/s00159-025-00161-8
Gap Declaration
deg. in the redshift range of , targeted from HSC spectroscopy. In the South, 4MOST,12 on the VISTA telescope at the European Southern Observatory’s Paranal site, will complement the effort of DESI by carrying out several spectroscopic surveys which will allow us to tackle some of the open questions in this area. While the Cosmology Redshift Survey (Richard et al.) can be expected to yield similar targets as those of DESI, WAVES (Driver et al.) will be unique in seeking high-completeness over relatively modest volumes. WAVES-Wide (1200 sq. [...] There, we argued that intrinsic alignments are sensitive to cosmology even on linear scales and they can potentially constrain models out of the reach for two-point clustering statistics. Some works have already provided cosmological constraints from galaxy alignments which could be improved by the use of a multi-tracer strategy. But how to optimally split samples or perform shape measurements to enable the multi-tracer technique is an open question. Beyond two-point statistics offer an avenue to extract more information from galaxy shapes, whether from intrinsic alignments or weak lensing effects. How much more information can be extracted compared to the two-point case remains to be properly quantified.
Abstract
The alignments of galaxies across the large-scale structure of the Universe are known to be a source of contamination for gravitational lensing, but they can also probe cosmology and the physics of galaxy evolution in many ways. In this review, I cover developments in our understanding of intrinsic alignments over the past 25 years on: (1) different approaches to model intrinsic alignments across a range of scales, (2) existing observational constraints, (3) predictions from cosmological numerical N-body and hydrodynamical simulations, (4) mitigation strategies to account for their contamination to lensing observables and (5) cosmological and astrophysical applications. While the review focuses mostly on two-point statistics of intrinsic alignments, I also give a summary of other statistic…
Conclusions / Discussion
Future data sets Stage III surveys such as KiDS, HSC and DES have finished or are close to finishing their observing campaigns. Their data sets have enabled a wide range of weak lensing and intrinsic alignment studies. While most direct measurements of alignments have been realized, there remain possible applications through the combination with spectroscopic data from the DESI Stage IV spectroscopic survey.11 We have had a glimpse of this promising avenue in Chen et al.. Photometric narrow-band surveys like PAUS and J-PAS (Benitez et al.) are yet to deliver their final data releases. At the same time, Stage IV surveys are starting to collect data. ESA’s 1.2-m space telescope, Euclid (Laureijs et al.), was launched in June 2023 and will survey 14, 000 sq. deg. in the one visible (VIS) and three near-infrared (NISP) bands for the following 6 years. The photometry used to deliver 30 galaxy shapes per down to is complemented by near-infrared low-resolution () spectroscopy to measure clustering. Euclid’s first data release (Q1) already yielded an intrinsic alignment measurement of galaxies with respect to filaments (Euclid Collaboration et al.). While Euclid delivers exquisite shapes…
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